HSK · Level 33
135 words
Chinese word
如
Pronunciation
Pinyinrú
Meaning
- prepositionfor example
Example
会议上提到的国家，如中国、美国和日本。huì yì shàng tí dào de guó jiā rú zhōng guó měi guó hé rì běn
The countries mentioned at the meeting are, for example, China, the United States, and Japan.
More examples
研究发现某些地区，如沿海城市，经济增长较快。yán jiū fā xiàn mǒu xiē dì qū rú yán hǎi chéng shì jīng jì zēng zhǎng jiào kuài
Research has found that some regions, such as coastal cities, have experienced relatively rapid economic growth.
Core concept
Introduces a concrete member as a clear sample of the kind being discussed.
Common phrases
如图中所示rú tú zhōng suǒ shì
as shown in the picture
如美国等发达国家rú měi guó děng fā dá guó jiā
developed countries such as the United States
如前文所说rú qián wén suǒ shuō
as stated above
Similar words
比如bǐ rú: A spoken-language preposition for bringing up a specific example.
例如lì rú: A preposition for presenting one or more specific examples.
像xiàng: A preposition for presenting a person or thing as an example.
比方说bǐ fāng shuō: A spoken expression used to lead into a concrete example.
Definition in Chinese
用于举例或作比，语体偏书面，常用于列举代表性事物。yòng yú jǔ lì huò zuò bǐ yú tǐ piān shū miàn cháng yòng yú liè jǔ dài biǎo xìng shì wù
Word origin
如 (rú, "be like") shifted from expressing resemblance to introducing a case that illustrates a general statement.
Usage tips
- Recognizing this as a formal register choice helps explain its presence in notices, articles, and lists rather than relaxed conversation.
Related words
- 如愿rú yuànhave one's wish come trueverb
- 如实rú shítruthfullyadverb