HSK · Level 90
45 words
Chinese word
乃至
Pronunciation
Pinyinnǎi zhì
Meaning
- conjunctioneven
Example
矛盾扩大，乃至引发了纠纷。máo dùn kuò dà nǎi zhì yǐn fā le jiū fēn
The conflict widened and even caused a dispute.
More examples
数据不一致，乃至影响到项目的后续进展。shù jù bù yí zhì nǎi zhì yíng xiǎng dào xiàng mù dì hòu xù jìn zhǎn
The data were inconsistent and even affected the project's subsequent progress.
Core concept
A formal marker that stretches a list or scale from one point to a further, often extreme endpoint.
Common phrases
乃至于nǎi zhì yú
even reach
乃至全国nǎi zhì quán guó
even nationwide
乃至影响到nǎi zhì yíng xiǎng dào
even affect
Similar words
甚至shèn zhì: Adds an especially surprising or extreme case to the range being described.
甚至于shèn zhì yú: Shows a degree or range advancing as far as an extreme point or condition.
以至于yǐ zhì yú: Marks the point at which an advancing degree, range, or result reaches a stated condition.
以致于yǐ zhì yú: Marks an unwanted or serious outcome brought about by the preceding cause.
Definition in Chinese
在列举或归纳时表示范围或程度自前项延伸至后项，带有“甚至”“以至”的意味，语域偏书面。zài liè jǔ huò guī nà shí biǎo shì fàn wéi huò chéng dù zì qián xiàng yán shēn zhì hòu xiàng dài yǒu shèn zhì yǐ zhì de yì wèi yǔ yù piān shū miàn
Word origin
乃至 (nǎizhì, "even; up to") combines 乃 (nǎi, "then") + 至 (zhì, "reach"), giving the word a sense of moving on to a further point.
Usage tips
- In everyday conversation, this word can sound formal, so it is especially useful for understanding reports, essays, and formal summaries.