Japanese word

以下

Pronunciation

Romajiika

Meaning

  • nounat most

Example

参加者は十人以下です。san ka sha wa jū nin i ka de su

There are at most ten participants.

Illustration for 以下 (at most)

More examples

宿題は二ページ以下にしてください。shuku dai wa ni pē ji i ka ni shi te ku da sa i

Please keep the homework to two pages or fewer.

Core concept

Expresses a stated amount or level as the upper limit, with anything lower also included.

Common phrases

  • 三ページ以下san pē ji i ka

    at most three pages

  • 二時間以下ni ji kan i ka

    at most two hours

Similar words

以内inai: Describes an amount or level that falls within a stated range, including its upper boundary.
未満miman: Describes an amount or level that remains below a stated boundary without including it.

Definition in Japanese

数量や程度が、示された基準を上限としてそれを超えないこと。sū ryō ya tei do ga shime sa re ta ki jun o jō gen to shi te so re o ko e na i ko to

Word origin

以下 (ika) combines 以 (i, "by taking as") and 下 (ka, "below"), expressing a limit that includes the stated reference point.

Usage tips

  • The formal phrase 以下同文 (ika dōbun) means "the same as written below" and shows how 以下 (ika) can refer to written text as well as numbers.

Opposites

Word lists with this word